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Flash and Preparative HPLC
Purification & testing for cannabis and hemp
Hemp contains hundreds of cannabinoids with Cannabidiol (CBD) being the most prevalent in the plant and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being the active ingredient causing psychotropic effects. However, many more compounds are formed by the hemp plant and have been investigated for their medical effects. This limit often requires THC remediation of the distilled hemp extract (starting material) and can be achieved using preparative scale chromatography such as the puriFlashR XL-Cannabis system. HPLC analysis of the starting material (third pass distillate), fractions collected during the remediation process, and the finished product can be performed using the Advion AVANT HPLC-UV analytical system. Both the purification and analytical processes are shown in this application note to form a complete solution for THC remediation in the hemp industry.
- puriFlah® L-Canabis instrument with the output up to 4.3 kg/day (columns up to 15 cm ID)
- puriFlah® XL-canabis instrument with the output up to 12.2 kg/day (columns up to 20 cm ID)
- Plate Express TLC Plate Reader
puriFlash
puriFlash® Flash Cartridges
Interchim developed new technique for flash chromatography - Ultra Performance Flash Purification (UPFP) using special flash cartridges. The flash cartridges are in the form of regular or irregular silica. UPFP enables to run purifications with high purity of the yield and less solvent use.
Flash column selection
Flash column celection is available at this page.
Preparative LC
Task for preparative HPLC systems differs to analytical one. While analytical HPLC task is qualitative and quantitative determination of defined compounds in samples, preparative HPLC task is separation, purification and isolation of value products from mixtures.
Preparative chromatography can be devidet into three main areas:
- Semi-preparative separations
- Batch preparative chromatography (pilot or industrial scale)
- True Counter-current chromatography
- Simulated moving bed (SMB)
- Continuous chromatography
Scale definition
| Parameter | Analytical | Semi-preparative | Preparative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Column sizes (mm) | 120 - 250 x 2 - 4.6 | 120 - 250 x 8 - 16 | 120 - 250 x 20 - 62 |
| Particle size (µm) | up to 5 | 5 - 10 | higher than 10 |
| Stationary phase (g) | up to 5 | 5 - 30 | 50 - 450 |
| Tubings | 1/16" | 1/16" | 1/8" |
| Flow rates (ml/min) | 0.1 - 2 | 5 - 50 | 100 - 1000 |
| Sample size (mg) | 0.01 - 2 | 0.1 - 50 | 1 - 700 |
| Flow cell (mm) | 10 | 3 | 0.5 - 2 |
SMB
The simulated counter-current process (Simulated Moving Bed - SMB) was developed in the early 60th by the Universal Oil Products Company. It was mainly applied to industrial-scale separations, like the xylene separation or the fructose-glucose separation.
There is a strong analogy between the SMB and the TMB process. Under the use of a suitable system of adsorbent and eluent, a feed stream is separated into two withdrawal streams containing the pure components of a binary or pseudo-binary mixture.In the SMB process a large column is divided into a finite number of small sections. A withdrawal tube is situated between two of such sections.These tubes are connected in a cyclic mode with the inlets and outlets via a special designed rotary valve (Knauer). An observer sitting on an in- or outlet remarks anapparent moving of solid counter-current the fluid flow at each switching although the solid is fixed in the column. Therefore, the process is called a simulated counter-current one. The SMB is equal to TMB for an infinite numberof columns.
General principle of SMB process
