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Sample preparation

SKC Filter Selection Guide

Material Abbr. Common Pore Sizes Main Properties Air Sampling Applications
Mixed Cellulose Ester MCE or MEC 0.45 µm
0.8 µm 
1.2 µm 
5.0 µm 		 Hydrophilic
Readily soluble for atomic absorption analysis
Readily rendered transparent for transmitted light microscopy
Dissolve and clear easily		 Metal dust analysis
Asbestos and man-made fibers
Polyvinyl Chloride
(Pure Homopolymer)
GLA-5000		 PVC or PH-PVC 0.5 µm
0.8 µm 
5.0 µm 		 Hydrophobic
Non-oxidizing surface
Silica-free
Low ash
Low tare weight for gravimetric analysis		 Gravimetric analysis
Hexavalent chromium
Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE 0.5 µm
1.0 µm 
2.0 µm 
5.0 µm 		 Hydrophobic
Inert to solvents, acids, and bases
Autoclavable		 Alkaline dusts
Polynuclear aromatics
Pesticides
Isocyanates
Polycarbonate PC 0.3 µm
0.4 µm 
0.8 µm 		 Hydrophobic
Microscopically smooth surface
Straight-through pores
Extremely thin (10 to 20 µm) and transparent
Autoclavable		 Scanning electron microscopy
Asbestos fibers
Silver AG 0.45 µm
0.8 µm 		 Wide solvent compatibility
Higher temperature tolerance
Autoclavable
Uniform porosity and thickness		 Bromine
Asbestos by TEM
Silica by x-ray diffraction
Glass Fiber GF or FG Liquid Nominal Rating 1.0 µm Partially hydrophobic
Higher temperature tolerance
Autoclavable
High particulate retention		 Pesticides
Ethylene glycol 
Coarse gravimetric
Isocyanates
Quartz QZ Liquid Nominal Rating 1.2 µm Same as fiber glass
Autoclavable
Low level metals content
High temperature 300 C		 Gases
Aerosols
PM10
Diesel particulates
Cellulose CEL Nominal Autoclavable
Uniform strength
Ashless (Type 40)		 AA
HPLC

Air Monitoring Cassette Blanks

Air Monitoring Cassette Blanks
Diameter (mm) Type Material/Properties Qty. Cat. No.
 
 
25 2-piece Styrene, clear 50 225-2-25LF
100 225-2258
25 3-piece Styrene, clear 50 225-3-25LF
100 225-2259
25 Middle ring Styrene, clear, 1/2 inch height 50 225-304
For use with SKC Omega brand cassettes only
37 2-piece Styrene, clear 10 225-2LF
50 225-2050LF
250 225-2250
37 3-piece Styrene, clear 10 225-3LF
50 225-3050LF
250 225-3250
37 2-piece Styrene, opaque brown 50 225-4
37 3-piece Styrene, opaque brown 50 225-8451
25 Middle ring Styrene, clear, 1/2 inch height 50 225-300R
For use with SKC Omega brand cassettes only
Solvent-resistant* Air Monitoring Cassette Blanks
Compatible with most solvents*
Diameter (mm) Type Material/Properties Qty. Cat. No.
 
 
25 2-piece, goblet style Polypropylene, opaque white 50 225-8481
25 3-piece, goblet style Polypropylene, opaque white 50 225-8585
37 2-piece Polypropylene, opaque white 50 225-8483
37 3-piece Polypropylene, opaque white 10 225-45
37 3-piece Polypropylene, opaque white 50 225-45A
Conductive Air Monitoring Cassette Blanks
For reducing sample loss due to electrostatic effects; required for asbestos sampling
Diameter (mm) Type Material/Properties Qty. Cat. No.
25 3-piece, 2-inch middle cowl Polypropylene, conductive black 50 225-3-23
25 2-piece Polypropylene, conductive black 50 225-2257
25 3-piece 1/2-inch middle ring Polypropylene, conductive black, with ½-inch spacer ring (rather than 2-inch cowl) 50 225-329
37 3-piece Polypropylene, conductive black 50 225-309
37 2-piece Polypropylene, conductive black 50 225-308
47 2-piece Polypropylene, conductive black 16 225-8496
47 3-piece Polypropylene, conductive black 16 225-8497

Sample preparation introduction

Sample preparation

Sample preparation

In sample preparation, there are many techniques used for sample handling, preparation and storage prior the analysis. Main techniques used in this area are:

  • Drying
  • Evaporation
  • Filtration
  • Flash chromatography
  • Homogenization
  • Humidification
  • Immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC for mycotoxines)
  • Preparative chromatography
  • SPE
  • Thermal desorption
  • Ultrassonic extraction

Many samples or laboratory techniques require cooling or heating. That is why folowing instruments are used:

  • Drying ovens
  • Freezers
  • Heating blocks
  • Incubators
  • Refrigerators
  • Sterilizers
  • Thermostatic cabinets
  • Water baths

 

Overview - drying ovens

Overview - drying ovens
Parameter / Model SL15 SL32 SL53 SL115 SL240 SL400 SL750 SL1000
air convection natural (SLN) natural (SLN)/forced (SLW) forced (SLW)
chamber capacity1 [l] 15 32 56 112 245 424 749 1005
door type solid solid / door with viewing window (option)
temperature range [°C] 5° above ambient temperature …+300° (+250 for ECO version)
controller microprocessor with external display
interior acid-proof stainless steel according to DIN 1.4301
housing powder coated sheet / stainless steel linen finish(INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 440 520 590 650 815 1015 1255 1255
height 520 600 700 845 1140 1380 1620 2030
depth 350 435 560 650 710 710 810 810
internal dims [mm] width 320 400 395 460 600 800 1040 1040
height 240 320 395 540 800 1040 1200 1610
depth 180 240 360 450 510 510 600 600
max shelf workload [kg] - 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
PW shelf - - 50 50 100 100 100 100
max unit workload [kg] - 20 30 40 60 90 120 140 180
W version - - 80 120 300 300 300 300
nominal power [W] 600 1100 1600 2400 3000 3900 5400 5700
weight [kg] 27 35 50 65 126 174 250 330
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1 (1,0 in ECO version)
temperature fluctuation2 at +37°C [°C] SLN ±0,7 ±0,4 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,6 - - -
SLW - ±0,4 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,6 ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,5
over-temperature protection class 1.0 in ECO/2.0 in STD/3.1 in TOP+
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240 400/208 3/N
shelves fitted / max 1/2 1/3 2/5 2/7 3/10 3/14 5/16 6/22
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber

Overview - pass-through drying ovens
Parameter / Model SLWP115 SLWP240 SLWP400 SLWP750 SLWP1000
air convection forced
chamber capacity1 [l] 112 245 424 749 1005
door type solid / door with viewing window (option)
temperature range [°C] 5° nad okolní teplotu …+300°
controller microprocessor with external display
interior acid-proof stainless steel according to DIN 1.4301
housing powder coated sheet / stainless steel linen finish(INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 650 815 1015 1255 1255
height 885 1180 1420 1660 2070
depth 630 690 690 790 790
internal dims [mm] width 460 600 800 1040 1040
height 540 800 1040 1200 1610
depth 450 540 540 630 630
max shelf workload [kg] - 10 10 10 10 10
PW shelf 50 100 100 100 100
max unit workload [kg] - 60 90 120 140 180
W version 120 300 300 300 300
nominal power [W] 2400 3000 3900 5400 5700
weight [kg] 65 126 174 260 330
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation2 at +37°C [°C] ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,5
over-temperature protection class 2.0 
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240 208/400 3/N
shelves fitted / max 2/7 3/10 3/14 5/16 6/22
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber

Overview - incubators

Overview - incubators
Parameter / Model CL15 CL32 CL53 CL115 CL240 CL400 CL750 CL1000
air convection natural (CLN) natural (CLN)/forced (CLW) forced (CLW)
chamber capacity1 [l] 15 32 56 112 245 424 749 1005
door type solid solid / door with viewing window or double2 (option)
temperature range [°C] 5° above ambient temperature …+100° (+70 for ECO vertion)
controller microprocessor with external display
interior acid-proof stainless steel according to DIN 1.4301
housing powder coated sheet / stainless steel linen finish(INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 440 520 590 650 815 1015 1255 1255
height 520 600 700 845 1140 1380 1620 2030
depth 350 435 560 650 710 710 810 810
internal dims [mm] width 320 400 395 460 600 800 1040 1040
height 240 320 395 540 800 1040 1200 1610
depth 180 240 360 450 510 510 600 600
max shelf workload [kg] - 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
PW shelf - - 50 50 100 100 100 100
max unit workload [kg] - 20 30 40 60 90 120 140 180
W version - - 80 120 300 300 300 300
nominal power [W] 300 400 400 400 800 1200 1800 1800
weight [kg] 27 35 50 65 126 174 250 330
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation2 at +37°C [°C] CLN ±0,5 ±0,5 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 - - -
CLW - ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2
over-temperature protection class 1.0 in ECO/2.0 in STD/3.1 in TOP+
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240
shelves fitted / max 1/2 1/3 2/5 2/7 3/10 3/14 5/16 6/22
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 glass inside, solid outside; 3 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber

Overview - cooled incubators
Parameter / Model ILW53 ILW115 ILW240 ILW400 ILW750
air convection forced
chamber capacity1 [l] 56 112 245 424 749
door type solid / door with viewing window or double2 (option)
temperature range [°C] 0…+70 (+100 in TOP version/-10…+70 (+100 in TOP version) - option
controller microprocessor with external display
interior acid-proof stainless steel according to DIN 1.4301
housing powder coated sheet / stainless steel linen finish(INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 590 650 815 1015 1255
height 950 1095 1420 1750 1900
depth 560 650 710 710 810
internal dims [mm] width 395 460 600 800 1040
height 395 540 800 1040 1200
depth 360 450 510 510 600
max shelf workload [kg] - 10 10 10 10 10
PW shelf 50 50 100 100 100
max unit workload [kg] - 40 60 90 120 140
W version 80 120 300 300 300
nominal power [W] 400 400 800 1200 1800
weight [kg] 69 90 140 185 275
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation2 at +37°C [°C] ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,2
over-temperature protection class 2.0 in STD/3.3 in TOP+
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240
shelves fitted / max 2/5 2/7 3/10 3/14 5/16
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 glass inside, solid outside; 3 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber

Overview - thermostatic cabinets

Overview - single chamber thermostatic cabinets
Parameter / Model ST1+ ST2+ ST31+ ST4+ ST5+ ST500 ST700 ST1200
air convection forced
chamber capacity1 [l] 68 150 200 250 300 493 625 1365
door type solid  / glass or double2 (option)
temperature range [°C] +3...+40 / up to +50 or +60 (option)
controller microprocessor with external display
interior aluminium (stainless steel on request) aluminium / stainless steel (INOX)
housing powder coated sheet (stainless steel on request) powder coated sheet / stainless steel (INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 550 600 600 600 600 635 725 1440
height 600 850 1050 1250 1450 2025 2025 2025
depth 650 600 600 600 600 810 860 860
internal dims [mm] width 470 520 520 520 520 510 600 1310
height 430 660 860 1060 1260 1510 1510 1510
depth 300 425 425 425 425 640 690 690
nominal power [W] 160 170 170 330 330 400 400 550
weight [kg] 30 48 52 61 66 105 115 195
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation3 at +37°C [°C] ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,3
over-temperature protection class 1.0 according to DIN 12880
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240
shelves fitted / max 2/2 3/4 3/4 4/6 4/7 3/11 3/11 2 x 3/114
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 glass inside, solid outside; 3 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber; 4 two colums with 3 shelves each

Overview - multichamber thermostatic cabinets
Parameter / Model ST1/1+ ST1/1/1+ ST2/2+ ST2/3+ ST2/4+ ST3/3+ ST350/350
air convection forced
chamber capacity1 [l] 68/68 68/68/68 150/150 150/200 150/240 200/200 294/294
door type solid  / glass or double2 (option)
temperature range [°C] +3...+40 / up to +50 or +60 (option)
controller microprocessor with external display
interior aluminium (stainless steel on request) aluminium / stainless steel (INOX)
housing powder coated sheet (stainless steel on request) powder coated sheet / stainless steel
overall dims [mm] width 550 550 600 600 600 600 720
height 1170 1740 1670 1870 2070 2070 2025
depth 600 600 600 600 600 600 860
internal dims [mm] width 470 470 520 520 520 520 600
height 430 430 660 660/860 660/1060 860 700
depth 300 300 425 425 425 425 700
nominal power [W] 320 480 350 350 350 350 800
weight [kg] 65 100 100 105 110 115 162
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation3 at +37°C [°C] ±0,2 ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,3 ±0,5
over-temperature protection class 1.0 according to DIN 12880
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240
shelves fitted / max 2/2 2/2 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 2/6
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 glass inside, solid outside; 3 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber

Overview - freezers

Overview - freezers
Parameter / Model ZLN75 ZLN145 ZLN180 ZLN125 ZLN200 ZLN300
air convection natural
chamber capacity1 [l] 85 160 196 127 200 299
door type solid  / glass (option)
temperature range [°C] -25...0 -35...0
controller microprocessor with external display
interior plastic stainless steel
housing powder coated sheet powder coated sheet/ stainless steel (INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 560 600 600 580 680 680
height 850 1250 1455 1150 1320 1680
depth 610 650 650 720 720 720
internal dims [mm] width 410 450 450 400 500 500
height 630 970 1160 600 770 1150
depth 390 420 420 530 520 520
nominal power [W] 120 96 100 450 450 450
weight [kg] 34 48 55 90 120 185
temperature accuracy [°C] po 0,1
temperature fluctuation2 at -10°C [°C] ±0,4 ±0,6 ±0,7 ±1,0
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 220-240 (50) 110-120/220-240
shelves fitted / max 2/2 4/4 5/5 2/3 2/4 3/6
warranty 24 měsíců

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber;

Overview - laboratory refrigerators

Overview - single chamber laboratory refrigerators
Parameter / Model CHL1+ CHL2+ CHL3+ CHL4+ CHL5+ CHL500 CHL700 CHL1200
air convection forced
chamber capacity1 [l] 68 150 195 242 279 493 625 1365
door type solid  / glass (option)
temperature range [°C] 0...+10 0...+10 / -10...+10 (option)
controller microprocessor with external display
interior aluminium plastic plastic aluminium plastic aluminium / stainless steel (INOX)
housing powder coated sheet powder coated sheet / stainless steel (INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 550 550 595 550 595 620 720 1435
height 600 885 1075 1280 1430 2010 2010 2010
depth 650 610 610 610 610 800 865 865
internal dims [mm] width 470 520 520 520 520 510 600 1310
height 430 660 860 1060 1260 1510 1510 1510
depth 300 425 425 425 425 640 690 690
nominal power [W] 160 170 170 330 330 400 400 550
weight [kg] 32 37 41 50 63 117 127 225
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation2 at +4°C [°C] ±0,5 ±0,8
over-temperature protection 1.0 according to DIN 12880 
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/230-240
shelves fitted / max 2/2 3/4 3/4 4/6 4/7 3/11 3/11 2 x 3/113
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber; 3 two colums with 3 shelves each

Overview - multichamber laboratory refrigerators

Parameter / Model CHL1/1+ CHL1/1/1+ CHL2/2+ CHL2/3+ CHL2/4+ CHL3/3+ CHL350/350
air convection forced
upper/lower1 chamber capacity [l] 68/68 68/68/68 150/150 150/200 150/240 200/200 294/294
door type solid  / glass (option)
temperature range [°C] 0...+10 / -10...+10 (only for CHL 350/350)
controller microprocessor with external display separate for each chamber
interior aluminium aluminium / stainless steel (INOX)
housing powder coated sheet powder coated sheet / stainless steel (INOX)
overall dims [mm] width 550 550 600 600 600 600 720
height 1170 1740 1670 1870 2070 2070 2025
depth 600 600 600 600 600 600 860
internal dims each chamber [mm] width 470 470 520 520 520 520 600
height 430 430 660 660/860 660/1060 860 700
depth 300 300 425 425 425 425 700
nominal power [W] 320 480 350 350 350 350 800
weight [kg] 65 100 100 105 110 115 162
temperature accuracy [°C] every 0,1
temperature fluctuation2 at +4°C [°C] ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,5
over-temperature protection class 1.0 according to DIN 12880
voltage 50/60 Hz [V] 110-120/220-240
shelves fitted / max 2/2 2/2 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 2/6
warranty 24 months

1 working capacity of chamber can be smaller; 2 fluctuation measured in centre of the chamber

CA Filters

Cellulose Acetate(CA)CA Filters

  • Composition: Mixture of triacetate and diacetate
  • Characteristics:Low static charge and high strhgth
  • Sterilizable: May be repeatedly sterilized without loss of integrity or change in bubble point
  • Clean: 0.1 wt% aqueous extractables
  • Related to MCE membranes: - improved solvend resistance to low molecular weight alcohols - better heat resistance - lower protein binding
    Specifications for Cellulose Acetate (CA)
    ore Size [µm Bubble Point [MPa] Flow rate (Water)[ml/min/cm2] Flow rate (Air) [L/min/cm2] Porosity [%] Thickness [µm]
    0.20 ≥0.25 16 2 66 125
    0.45 ≥0.17 35 4 68 125
    0.80 ≥0.068 160 14 72 125
    3.00 ≥0.034 500 54 78 135

 

 

 

Specifications for CE
Pore Size [µm] Color Surface Bubble Point [MPa] Flow rate (Water)[ml/min/cm2] Flow rate (Air) [L/min/cm2] Porosity [%] Thickness [µm]
0.10 White Plain ≥0.24 2.7 0.67 65 110
0.20 White Plain ≥0.37 17.5 2.4 73 133
0.30 White Plain ≥0.28 30 3.7 75 114
0.45 White Plain ≥0.24 45 5.0 78 145
0.45 White Grid ≥0.16 80 8.0 79 142
0.65 White Plain ≥0.14 120 11.2 79 150
0.80 White Plain ≥0.11 165 15.0 80 150
1.00 White Plain ≥0.096 220 20.4 80 150
3.00 White Plain ≥0.070 300 28.3 81 155
5.00 White Plain ≥0.058 400 40.9 81 160
0.45 Black Grid ≥0.22 50 5.0 78 135
0.80 Black Grid ≥0.10 170 15.0 80 145
0.45 Green Grid ≥0.22 50 5.0 78 135
0.80 Green Grid ≥0.10 170 15.0 80 145

 

 

Ash Content of White Plain MCE Membrane Filters (ppm)
           
Al <0.2 K 6.0 Ni <5.0
Ca 140.0 Li <1.0 Pb <1.0
Cd <0.5 Mg 10.0 Si <20.0
Cr 8.0 Mn <0.5 Sn <5.0
Cu <1.0 Mo <1.0 Ti <1.0
Fe <5.0 Na 10.0 Zn <1.0

Filtration

FiltrationFilter media selection guide

there are many filtration materials used in filtration process. Filtration is mostly used in various applications, like membrane filtration of water or organic samples, syringe filters in HPLC or air sampling of dust aerosol. Table listed belwo shows most commonly used filter media. by clickin on particulate filter material you will find detailed information.

Below listed materials are used for all that in following applications:

  • Pressure filtration
  • Vacuum filtration
  • Syringe filters (mostly in HPLC and UHPLC)
  • Asbestos sampling
  • Dust aerosol sampling
  • Chemical vapours sampling
  • Determination of dissolved compounds
Membrane filters
Type Description Max. temperature Refractive index
MCE Mixed Cellulose Esters 130°C 1.5
CA Cellulose Acetate 180°C 1.47
PTFE (Hydrophilic) PTFE - -
PTFE (Hydrophobic ) PTFE 120 - 160°C -
PC Polycarbonate 140°C -

 

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